Abril E Colecao Os Pensadores
Armour and weapons. On the physician back you hold the tie to go to the succeeding page/pages.There is an choice to see how an component would look on you i.e. This choice is popularly titled 'the dressing opportunity'. Regard CTRL key and odd emit on the fact and you present be competent to see it. World of warcraft addons client.
The literature on the influence of phenomenology and existentialism on Gestalt therapy is controversial because its founders did not clarify its philosophical and epistemological foundations. However, we understand that various influences exerted on Perls and his collaborators during the development of the Gestalt therapy led to a phenomenological-existential approach. The possible influences of phenomenology and existentialism on Gestalt therapy are discussed based on literature review focusing on the influence of Gestalt psychology, through Goldstein, Laura Perls, and Goodman, and the approaches to the phenomenological ideas of Brentano, Husserl and Merleau-Ponty. Similarly, with regard to existentialism, we address the combination of Gestalt concepts with the philosophies of Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Buber, and Sartre. It was concluded that the influence of phenomenology and existentialism on Gestalt therapy resulted in the conception of man as a being-in-the-world and an emphasis on past experiences.Keywords: Existentialism; Gestalt therapy; Phenomenology.
The influence of existentialism and phenomenology on Gestalt therapy has always been a controversial issue because its creators did not make an effort to elucidate its philosophical-epistemological foundations (;;; ). In his first book entitled “Ego, hunger and Aggression”, published in 1942, ) demonstrated his lack of interest on this matter: “here, I am not inclined to deal with philosophical questions more than absolutely necessary for the solution of our problems, and I certainly do not want to participate in any merely verbal dispute” (p.75). Similarly, in the foreword of the book entitled “Gestalt Therapy” (1951), the authors wrote: “we used a minimum of semantics and philosophical terms” (Perls, Hefferline, & Goodman, 1951/1997, p.34). On the other hand, S.
), pioneers of Gestalt therapy in France, stated that Fritz Perls loathed theorizing; he liked to say “lose your mind and come to your senses” (p.10). Such stance may explain the philosophical gap in the original texts written by Frederick Perls and his collaborators during the development of Gestalt therapy, prioritizing clinical practice.In his posthumous book published in 1973 entitled “The Gestalt Approach and Eye Witness to Therapy”, Friederich Salomon Perls (1893-1970) considered Gestalt therapy as one of the three types of existential psychotherapies, along with Logotherapy, by Viktor Emil Frankl (1905-1997), and Daseinsanalysis, by Ludwig Binswanger (1881-1966). However, he criticized other existentialists whose ideas were based on external concepts because, in his opinion, “existentialism wants to do away with concepts, and to work on the awareness principle, on phenomenology” (Perls 1973/1981, p.33). When addressing phenomenology, Perls seemed to point to a methodological understanding of the term by putting theorizations and their concepts aside, focusing on things themselves, as advocated by Husserl (1900-1901/1980), rather than focusing on phenomenology as the philosophical axis of Gestalt therapy. Influence of the phenomenological methodology on Gestalt therapyM.
Abril E Colecao Os Pensadores En
) disagree on the purely technical use of the phenomenological method pointing out the fact that content and technique cannot be investigated separately in phenomenology. However, several Gestalt therapists refer to the primarily methodological contribution of phenomenology to Gestalt therapy. According to ), for example, “Gestalt therapy utilizes a more technical meaning of phenomenology: GT has created a therapy based on an operational existential methodology” (p.218).In the same vein, S. ConclusionThe phenomenological-existential approach of Gestalt therapy is defined based on its theoretical-methodological integration with phenomenology and existentialism. We understand that the application of the phenomenological method in Gestalt therapy is based on an existential orientation, in which the objectivist emphasis on the analysis of contents, as defined in the Gestalt psychology, changes to an approach focused on the subject who has perceptions and experiences, concentrating on the way he/she lives.Gestalt therapy has an existential approach since it emphasizes human aspects of the client’s existence and of each moment of the psychotherapeutic process.
Thus, we can understand Gestalt therapy as a form of existential psychotherapy, conceiving man as a being-in-the-world, a being with others, who is always in movement, always “becoming”, seeking to develop his potentials and realize his project of being.We conclude that the phenomenological approach of the Gestalt therapy is historically linked to Gestalt psychology, which is chiefly based on Husserlian phenomenology, whose main method is description. In other words, it means focusing, carefully and closely, on clients’ intentional and conscious expressions of experience in its irreducible unicity preventing technicisms, which are considered as “gimmicks” by Perls. Moreover, his reflection upon human existence is strongly present among existential philosophers, based on his emphasis on the man in relation with others and on his way of being-in-the-world.